Question Paper April 2017

Previous Year Question Paper April 2016

Important Questions

B.Com-IV Sem-Co-operation - Specialization CO-OPERATIVE MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION Question Banks

1. A ……………………. institution is a voluntary association of independent economic units,
organized, capitalized and run by, and for its members, providing and/or marketing goods and
services on cost-to-cost basis to their members.
a) Cooperative
b) Private
c) Public
d) All of these
2. …………………… movement can be an important instrument in furthering the socialist
progress.
a) Cooperative
b) Privatization
c) Both a & b
d) None of the above
3. ……………… is, “a form of organisation wherein persons voluntarily associate together as
human beings on a basis of equality for the promotion of economic interest of themselves”.
a) Cooperation
b) joint stock companies
c) cartels
d) trusts
4. ……………is nothing but “self-help made effective by organisation.”
a) Cooperation
b) joint stock companies
c) cartels
d) trusts

COOPERATION, CONFLICT AND COMPETITION

Man is a social being. It is difficult for man to live in isolation. Men always live in various groups and associations. As members of these groups they Act and behave in a certain manner. The behavior of each individual is affected by the behavior of the other. This interaction is the essence of social life. In other words, it is the key factor in all social lives.

Green defines social interaction as ” the mutual influences that individuals and groups have on one another in their attempts to solve problems and in their striving towards goals.”

According to Kingsley Davis – human interaction ” is communicative interaction. ” in communication one person infers from the behavior of another person – the idea or feeling of the other person.

Thus, social interaction is the dynamic interplay of men within social structures. It is the basic process through which human nature and social structure develop and are changed.

These are discussed in details as follows :

Cooperation

Cooperation is one of the fundamental processes of social life. At the same time, cooperation is the most pervasive and continuous of the social processes. It is an integrating activity. It means working together in the pursuit of common interests or common goal.

Green defined cooperation as ” the continuous and common endeavor of two or more persons to perform a task or to realize a goal that is commonly cherished. ”

Cooperation is a universal phenomenon. It is so important in the life of an individual that it is difficult to survive without it.  Cooperation for human beings is both a psychological and a social necessity.

There are 2 modes of cooperation in a social life –

Direct cooperation – includes “those activities in which men do like things together ” – play together , worship together , etc.
Indirect cooperation  – is found wherever people perform unlike tasks towards a single end – like where there is a division of labor or mass production.
All the progress that mankind has made in various fields is to be attributed to the cooperating spirit of the people. Collective goals in our social life cannot be achieved without cooperation .

Competition

Competition is the most fundamental form of opposition or social struggle. It is a struggle of two or more persons for the same object which is so limited that all cannot share it.

According to Anderson and Parker, “competition is that form of social action in which we strive against each other for the possession of or use of some limited material and non-material good.”

In our society, for instance, there is competition for jobs, for goods, power , social position, fame and all other things one cannot get by mere asking. Thus competition goes on an impersonal manner. The eye is on the goal or reward rather than the competitors.

Competition therefore, exists everywhere, but appears in many ways. It varies as to scope, intensity and type from one system to another. It performs many useful functions in our society.

Competition tends to stimulate economy, efficiency, and inventiveness. It tends to increase one’s ego and to give one satisfaction. Since competition rests upon a set of rules, it creates respect for the ruling of the game.

Conflict

Conflict is as ever-present process in human relations. Conflict is universal and occurs in all places and at all time. There has never been a time or a society in which some individuals or groups did not come into conflict .

Conflict therefore, expresses itself in thousands of ways and degrees and over every range of human contact.

A.W. Green defines conflict as ” the deliberate attempt to oppose, resist or coerce the will of another or others .

Darwin states that – “the principles of struggle for existence and survival of the fittest are the main causes of conflict .”

Mac Iver and Page defined conflict as – that form of struggle in which “men contend against one other for any object . ”

Conflict generally occurs due to individual differences, cultural differences, clash of interests and social changes.  Conflict serves as constructive and positive ends. In corporate conflicts – that is, between groups and societies, solidarity and fellow-feelings are increased. But conflict in its extreme form brings war and destruction of lives and property.

സഹകരണ രംഗം

സഹകരണ രംഗം
         - - - - - - - - - -
* സംസ്ഥാന സഹകരണ വകുപ്പ് പ്രസിദ്ധീകരിക്കുന്ന സഹകരണ മാസിക - സഹകരണ വീഥി.
* നാഷണൽ കോ-ഓപ്പറേറ്റീവ് യൂണിയൻ ഓഫ് ഇന്ത്യ പ്രസിദ്ധീകരിക്കുന്ന മാസിക - ദ് കോ-ഓപ്പറേറ്റർ.
* കോ-ഓപ്പറേറ്റർ എന്ന മാസിക ആരംഭിച്ചത് - ഡോ. വില്യം.കിങ്.
കേരള സംസ്ഥാന സഹകരണ യൂണിയൻ പ്രസിദ്ധീകരിക്കുന്ന മാസിക - കേരള സഹകരണ ജേണൽ.

Module 4 Malayalam Study Material

Module 4 Malayalam Study Material

HISTORY OF CO-OPERATIVE MOVEMENT IN KERALA

HISTORY OF CO-OPERATIVE MOVEMENT IN KERALA

DEFINITION AND REVISED PRINCIPLES OF CO-OPERATION

ICA General Assembly held on 23rd September, 1995 at New Century Hall Manchester, adopted the new Co-operative Principles recommended by the ICA Board of Directors and the ICA Congress after global study and review by committee headed by Prof. Lan Mcpherson from Canada.
The Process started with a paper presented by lars Marcus, then President of the ICA, at the congress held in 1988 at Stockholm. Seven Ake Book, a co-operative specialist from Sweden was called upon to undertake a research in to co-operative values; and the principles in the context of modern global environment of co-operatives. He presented his report in 1992 ICA Congress in Tokiyo the General Assembly appointed a committee, headed by Prof. Lan Mcpherson review of the co-operative principles.
Definition
A Co-operative is an autonomous association of persons united voluntarly to meet their common economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly owned and democratically controlled enterprises.
Values
Co-operative are based on the self-help responsibility, democracy, equity and solidarity. In the tredition of their founders, Co-operative members belive in the ethical values of honesty, openness, social responsibility and caring for others.
Principles
The co-operative principles are guidelines by which co-operative put their value in the practice.
First principle: Voluntary and open membership:
Co-operatives are voluntary organisations, open to all person able to use their service and willing the accept the responsibilities of membership, without gender, social, racial, political or religious discrimination.
Second Principle:Democratic member control
Co-operatives are democratic organisations controlled by their members who actively participate in setting their policies and making decisions. Men and women serving as elected representatives are accountable to the membership. In primary Co-operative, members have equal voting rights. (one member, one vote) and co-operative at other levels are also organised in democratic manner.
Third Principle:Member Economic Participation
Members contribute equitably to, and democratically control, the capital of their co-operative. A least part of that capital is usually the common property of the co-operatives. Members usually receive limited compensation, if any on capitals subscribed as a condition of membership. Members allocate surpluses for any of the following purposes; developing their co-operative, possible by setting up reserves, part which at least would be indivisible, benefitting members in proportion to their transaction with the co-operative and sopporting other activities approved by the membership.
Fourth Principles: Automony And Indipendence
Co-operative and automonus, self help organisation controlled by their members, if they entire in agreement with other organisations, including governments, or raise capital from external sources, they do so on terms that ensure democratic cotrolle by their members and maintain their co-operative automony.
Fifth Principle: Education Training And Information
Co-operative provide education and training for their members, elected representatives, managers and employees and can contribute deffectively to development of their co-operatives. They inform the general public particularly young people and openion leaders about the nature and benefit of co-operation.
Sixth Principle:Co-Operation Among Co-Operatives
Co-operatives serve their members most effectively and strengthen the co-operative movements by working together through local, regional, national and international structure.
Seventh Principle: Concern For Community
Co-operative work for substainable development of their communities through polices approved by their members.

HISTORY OF CO-OPERATIVES IN KERALA

The British East India Company miserably exploited India by absorbing all her resources during pre-independent period. After independence earnest steps were taken to make her healthy in every respects. It was generally admitted by the Architects of India that co-operatives can act as an effective media for the socio-economic reconstruction of the country. Hence attempts were made by the Planning Commission to develop the co-operative movement as a self reliant one by augmenting the resources through mobilisation of savings in urban and rural areas, promoting integrated rural development by strengthening the links between credit, supply of inputs, processing, marketing and distribution of essential commodities and developing of weaker sections of the community.

The growth of Co-operative movement in Kerala was insignificant during pre-independent era. Only 1669 co-operatives were functioning in the state with a total working capital of Rs.92.21 lakhs. The membership and paid up share capital were Rs.2.05 and Rs. 31.79 lakhs respectively. Credit and non-credit operations during the period were also nominal. Loan disbursed during the year 1946 was Rs.10.62 lakhs only. Performance in the area of Consumer, Marketing etc. were also not remarkable when compared to the exquisite achievements during the succeeding years. A comparative statement of performance of the sector during pre and post-Independent era is shown in Annexure-I.

Before the formation of State of Kerala, Co-operatives under the area were administered by the Travancore Co-operative Societies Act V of 1112(M.E), Cochin Co-operative Societies Act XXVI of 1113(M.E) and Madras Co-operative Societies Act 1932. After the integration of Travancore and Cochin, Travancore-Cochin Co-operative Societies Act 1951 came into force with effect from 1.9.1952. After the formation of Kerala State, the Kerala Co-operative Societies Act of 1969 came into force with effect from15.5.1969 in order to enact a uniform law on co-operation applicable throughout the State. Consequent on the introduction of Kerala Co-operative Societies Act 1969, Societies with unlimited liability ceased to exist and societies with limited liability came into existence. Thereafter Government of Kerala passed the Kerala Co-operative (Amendment) Act 1999 which came into force with effect from 1.1.2000. Providing of membership to local body institutions, Deposit guarantee scheme in Primary Agricultural Credit Societies, Consortium Lending Scheme, Co-operative Development and Welfare Fund, Independent Election Commission, Separate Audit Wing and Vigilance Wing, and Co-operative Examination Board are the new provisions made in the Amendment Act.